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2.
Med. infant ; 26(2): 85-91, Junio 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1009024

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Analizar las características demográficas, clínicas, microbiológicas, evolución y factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad asociados a la endocarditis de válvula nativa (EIN) en pacientes (p) pediátricos. Población y métodos: Se evaluaron 176 p con EIN, divididos en grupo I: <3meses (27p) y grupo II: >3meses (149p). Resultados: Grupo I: el 66% tenía corazón sano. El microorganismo más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus (44,4%). Afectación derecha (77,8%-p<0,0001). Evento principal: infección no controlada (INC) (52%, p=0,0009) y asociada a Candida (p<0,00001). Se indicó tratamiento quirúrgico a 10 p (37%). Mortalidad 29,6%(8p). Grupo II: el 57% presentaba cardiopatía previa. Microorganismos prevalentes: S.aureus (49,1%) y estreptococos del grupo viridans (22,5%). Hubo compromiso predominantemente izquierdo (p=0,001). Eventos: embolias sistémicas (36,2%-p=0,01), perforación valvular (51%-p=0,0005), insuficiencia cardíaca (26%-p=0,03) e INC (21,5%). La embolia sistémica se asoció a S.aureus (p=0,01). El 36,2% requirió cirugía. Mortalidad 6,7% (10p). En el análisis univariado la mortalidad se asoció a edad <3meses (p=0,0003), INC (p=0,002) y S.aureus (p=0,03). En el multivariado la mortalidad se relacionó a edad < 3meses (OR:7,50 ­IC95%:1,77­31,69) y a INC (OR:4,2-IC95%:1,16­15,29). Conclusiones: La EN se presentó en pacientes con corazón sano en el 50% de los casos. El microorganismo más frecuente fue S.aureus. En los <3 meses la infección no controlada fue la complicación más frecuente asociada a Candida, con afectación predominante de cavidades derechas. Los >3meses tuvieron mayor prevalencia de perforación valvular izquierda asociada a embolias sistémicas e insuficiencia cardíaca. El 35% de los p requirió cirugía. Los predictores de mortalidad fueron la edad <3meses y la INC.


Objectives: To analyze demographic, clinical, and microbiological, outcome, and morbidity and mortality risk factors associated with native valve endocarditis (NVE) in pediatric patients (p). Population and methods: 176 p with NVE were evaluated and divided into group I: <3 months (27p) and group II: >3 months (149p). Results: Group I: 66% had a healthy heart. The most common microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (44.4%). Right-sided involvement (77.8%-p<0.0001). Main event: Uncontrolled infection (UCI) (52%, p-0.0009) and association with Candida (p<0.00001). Surgical treatment was indicated in 10 p (37%). Mortality was 29.6% (8p). Group II: 57% had previous heart disease. Prevalent microorganisms: S. aureus (49.1%) and viridans group streptococci ( (22.5%). Left-sided involvement predominated (p-0.001). Events: systemic embolism (36.2%-p-0.01), valve perforation (51%-p-0.0005), heart failure (26%-p-0.03), and UCI (21.5%). Systemic embolism was associated with S. aureus infection (p-0.01). 36.2% required surgery. Mortality was 6.7% (10p). In univariate analysis, mortality was associated with age <3 months (p-0.0003), UCI (p-0.002), and S. aureus infection (p-0.03). In multivariate analysis, mortality was related to age <3 months (OR:7.50 ­ 95% CI:1.77­31.69) and UCI (OR:4.2 -95% CI:1.16­15.29). Conclusions: NVE was observed in patients with a healthy heart in 50% of cases. The most common microorganism found was S. aureus. In the <3 months group, uncontrolled infection was the most common complication associated with Candida, predominantly affecting the right side. The >3 months group had a higher prevalence of left-valve perforation associated with systemic embolism and heart failure. 35% of p required surgery. Predictors of mortality were age <3 months and UC (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Viridans Streptococci/isolation & purification , Endocarditis/complications , Endocarditis/diagnosis , Endocarditis/microbiology , Endocarditis/mortality , Heart Valve Diseases/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies
3.
Med. infant ; 16(2): 151-156, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-124834

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y evolución de pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada. Material y Método: Fueron evaluados en forma consecutiva 90 pacientes menores de 16 años que consultaron en este hospital entre Marzo 1993 y Diciembre 2007 con diagnóstico de miocardiopatía dilatada (MD). Resultados: fueron analizados 90 pacientes con diagnóstico de MD, con edad entre 1 y 166 meses, mediana= 1 5 meses. Los menores de 1 año constituyeron el 46,8 por ciento. La distribución del sexo fue: 61 por ciento mujeres y 39 por ciento varones. Miocarditis se presumió en el 43,3 por ciento de los pacientes. Al momento del ingreso se encontraban en clase funcional I -II 74 ,5 por ciento en III-IV 25,5 por ciento; estos últimos requirieron internación en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). En un tiempo de seguimiento con mediana de 24m presentaron mala evolución (muerte o transplante el 31,1 por ciento. Permanecieron estables en clase funcional II el 41,1 por ciento. Recuperaron función ventricular 28,8 por ciento, la mayoría con sospecha de miocarditis. La sobrevida actuarial libre de eventos fue de 77 por ciento al año y 61 por ciento a los 5 años. En el análisis multivariado la edad y el sexo no fueron factores de riesgo para muerte o trasplante El diagnóstico disminuyó el riesgo de muerte o trasplante. conclusiones: A mediano plazo la MD puede evolucionar con recuperación de la función ventricular especialmente cuando está asociada a sospecha de miocarditis. la edad y el sexo no fueron factores de riesgo. El ingreso a UCI mejoró la sobrevida de los pacientes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/epidemiology , Heart Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Myocarditis/diagnosis , Clinical Evolution , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Data Interpretation, Statistical
4.
Med. infant ; 16(2): 151-156, jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-538118

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y evolución de pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada. Material y Método: Fueron evaluados en forma consecutiva 90 pacientes menores de 16 años que consultaron en este hospital entre Marzo 1993 y Diciembre 2007 con diagnóstico de miocardiopatía dilatada (MD). Resultados: fueron analizados 90 pacientes con diagnóstico de MD, con edad entre 1 y 166 meses, mediana= 1 5 meses. Los menores de 1 año constituyeron el 46,8 por ciento. La distribución del sexo fue: 61 por ciento mujeres y 39 por ciento varones. Miocarditis se presumió en el 43,3 por ciento de los pacientes. Al momento del ingreso se encontraban en clase funcional I -II 74 ,5 por ciento en III-IV 25,5 por ciento; estos últimos requirieron internación en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). En un tiempo de seguimiento con mediana de 24m presentaron mala evolución (muerte o transplante el 31,1 por ciento. Permanecieron estables en clase funcional II el 41,1 por ciento. Recuperaron función ventricular 28,8 por ciento, la mayoría con sospecha de miocarditis. La sobrevida actuarial libre de eventos fue de 77 por ciento al año y 61 por ciento a los 5 años. En el análisis multivariado la edad y el sexo no fueron factores de riesgo para muerte o trasplante El diagnóstico disminuyó el riesgo de muerte o trasplante. conclusiones: A mediano plazo la MD puede evolucionar con recuperación de la función ventricular especialmente cuando está asociada a sospecha de miocarditis. la edad y el sexo no fueron factores de riesgo. El ingreso a UCI mejoró la sobrevida de los pacientes.


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/epidemiology , Clinical Evolution , Myocarditis/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
8.
Med. infant ; 2(1): 9-12, mar. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-281760

ABSTRACT

Entre noviembre de 1988 y marzo de 1993, 17 pacientes portadores de comunicación interventricular (CIV) supracristal (Conal) cuyas edades oscilaron entre 45 días y 6 años, fueron sometidos a cirugía correctora con circulación extracorpórea utilizando la vía de abordaje transpulmonar. La sobrevida quirúrgica y durante el seguimiento, cuyo tiempo promedio fue de 18,5 meses (rango 2-54 meses), es del 100 por ciento encontrándose los pacientes asintomáticos, libres de medicación, con ritmo sinusal y sin evidencias de cortocircuito residual. Solo un paciente presentó insuficiencia aórtica (IA) mínima, la que había sido detectada en el preoperatorio y que no requirió plástica valvular. El cierre temprano de la CIV supracristal previene la instalación de insuficiencia aórtica por elongación y prolapso de las cúspides valvulares aórticas. El abordaje transpulmonar es la vía de elección en el cierre quirúrgico de la CIV supracristal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Argentina
9.
Med. infant ; 2(1): 9-12, mar. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-10951

ABSTRACT

Entre noviembre de 1988 y marzo de 1993, 17 pacientes portadores de comunicación interventricular (CIV) supracristal (Conal) cuyas edades oscilaron entre 45 días y 6 años, fueron sometidos a cirugía correctora con circulación extracorpórea utilizando la vía de abordaje transpulmonar. La sobrevida quirúrgica y durante el seguimiento, cuyo tiempo promedio fue de 18,5 meses (rango 2-54 meses), es del 100 por ciento encontrándose los pacientes asintomáticos, libres de medicación, con ritmo sinusal y sin evidencias de cortocircuito residual. Solo un paciente presentó insuficiencia aórtica (IA) mínima, la que había sido detectada en el preoperatorio y que no requirió plástica valvular. El cierre temprano de la CIV supracristal previene la instalación de insuficiencia aórtica por elongación y prolapso de las cúspides valvulares aórticas. El abordaje transpulmonar es la vía de elección en el cierre quirúrgico de la CIV supracristal. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Argentina
11.
Eur J Pediatr ; 151(4): 250-1, 1992 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1499574

ABSTRACT

Transient cardiac constriction is an unusual complication of purulent pericarditis. It should be suspected in the presence of clinical and haemodynamic deterioration when signs of activity have abated. Features of cardiac constriction were observed in a 4-year-old boy 2 weeks after surgical drainage. The patient was managed conservatively without surgery and the outcome was good. Follow up 2 years later showed a healthy boy with a normal cardiological examination.


Subject(s)
Haemophilus Infections/complications , Haemophilus influenzae , Pericardial Effusion/complications , Pericarditis, Constrictive/etiology , Pericarditis/complications , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Echocardiography , Haemophilus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Pericardial Effusion/microbiology , Pericarditis/diagnostic imaging , Pericarditis/microbiology , Pericarditis, Constrictive/diagnostic imaging
12.
Int J Cardiol ; 19(2): 167-79, 1988 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3372079

ABSTRACT

We have studied 44 patients with classical tricuspid atresia who underwent radical surgery between 1971 and 1985. Bypassing of the incomplete and rudimentary right ventricle was performed, in anterior fashion, in 17 patients operated on from 1971 to 1980. Subsequently, from 1980 to 1985, we used a technique of posterior retroaortic atriopulmonary anastomosis. This was undertaken in 27 patients. We have now compared the results in the two groups. Hospital and late mortality was 23.5 and 17.6% in those undergoing an anterior anastomosis, while it was 7.4 and 3.7% in those having a retroaortic connexion. When we compared the results in survivors, according to a previously designed clinical assessment score, we found that 41.1% of those undergoing the anterior approach were in excellent clinical status in comparison to 85.1% of those having a posterior anastomosis. The actuarial survival curve at 6 years showed 88.8% survival (70% confidence limit 44-77) for the posterior approach and 64.7% for the anterior. On the basis of our findings we felt able to remove from consideration as risk factors three of the features initially identified by Choussat and his colleagues. We conclude that better immediate and late results are obtained with the posterior retroaortic approach. We also found that those patients with excellent long-term outcome had postoperative right atrial pressures less than 14 mm Hg. Late arrhythmias were associated with increased right atrial pressures and were a relevant risk factor in both groups.


Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Tricuspid Valve/abnormalities , Adolescent , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cyanosis/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Atria/surgery , Hemodynamics , Hepatomegaly/etiology , Humans , Methods , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Reoperation
13.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ; 92(5): 908-12, 1986 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3773547

ABSTRACT

Since 1964, 77 patients underwent repair for tetralogy of Fallot with subarterial ventricular septal defect. Median age at operation was 5 years. Cyanosis was commonly mild, and hypoxic episodes were infrequent. Accordingly, only 12 patients (15.58%) needed either palliative or corrective operations before the age of 2 years. Characteristic angiographic and echocardiographic features were observed, which allowed this entity to be differentiated from either classic tetralogy or other types of double-outlet right ventricle. The earliest series of operations (in which no right ventricular outflow patch was used) was followed by a prohibitive mortality (50%). Residual subpulmonary obstruction was the cause of all of these deaths. In a second series of patients, a transannular patch was frequently used (79.59%), with the rationale that closure of the ventricular septal defect would make restrictive the deficient infundibulum of these patients. In a later series, we observed that most of the patients had a nonrestrictive pulmonary anulus (80%); the patch therefore was limited to the ventriculotomy. In the absence of pulmonary annular hypoplasia, the need for patching of the right ventricular outflow tract in this entity has to be confined to preventing the subpulmonary obstruction induced by closure of the ventricular septal defect. A considerable improvement in the results followed our first series (4.3% mortality). Follow-up of the survivors (mean 7 years) has been satisfactory.


Subject(s)
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Child, Preschool , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/pathology , Heart Septum/anatomy & histology , Humans , Tetralogy of Fallot/diagnosis , Tetralogy of Fallot/pathology
14.
Am J Cardiol ; 51(9): 1474-80, 1983 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6846180

ABSTRACT

Sixty-three consecutive patients aged 2 months to 27 years with simple ventricular septal defect (VSD) or the syndrome of Fallot's tetralogy were prospectively investigated with 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography to assess the accuracy of the method in defining the anatomic site of the VSD. Twenty-two patients were referred for surgery without invasive investigation. The anatomy was confirmed in all patients at operation. Two-dimensional echocardiography was reliable in identifying subaortic, inlet, small, moderate, and large subtricuspid, large subpulmonary, and most large central and apical muscular VSDs. Mistakes were made initially in distinguishing doubly committed subarterial defects from subaortic VSD because of difficulty in imaging the right ventricular outflow in short axis at the aortic root level, small subpulmonary defects obscured by prolapsed aortic cusp tissue, and small apical or outlet muscular VSDs because of difficulty in distinguishing true "dropout" from trabeculations. Other VSDs particularly muscular, were sometimes overlooked after another large VSD had been identified. Thus, identification of the anatomic site of VSDs by 2-D echocardiography is a reliable method that can replace invasive investigation in assessing the uncomplicated VSD before operation. Ventricular septal defects are classified as muscular or subvalvular and subdivided according to the valve to which the defect is related.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/classification , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/pathology , Humans , Infant , Prospective Studies , Terminology as Topic , Tetralogy of Fallot/pathology
15.
Am J Cardiol ; 51(2): 282-5, 1983 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6823838

ABSTRACT

Five patients with clinical features of tetralogy of Fallot had subarterial doubly committed ventricular septal defect (VSD) with absence or deficiency of the infundibular septum. Two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography differentiated this special group from those with the usual Fallot's anatomy. In addition to the long-axis view of the left ventricle which showed the subaortic VSD and the aortic and mitral fibrous continuity, the short-axis view at the cardiac base clearly demonstrated the subpulmonary extension of the VSD in the atypical group. Two-dimensional echocardiography was found superior to biplane angiography, which in 3 patients suggested the erroneous diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonic valve stenosis. This variant form of Fallot's tetralogy poses special surgical problems.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tetralogy of Fallot/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Angiography , Child , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/complications , Humans , Infant , Tetralogy of Fallot/complications
16.
Am J Cardiol ; 49(8): 1979-83, 1982 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7081079

ABSTRACT

Data on 18 patients, aged 12 to 42 years, with documented aortic regurgitation and tetrad of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect were reviewed. In two patients, aortic regurgitation was caused by surgical repair but in the others it was present before operation. There was increased volume overload from a long-standing surgical shunt (8 to 30 years' duration) or congenital systemic collateral vessels in 14. Six patients with a history of infective endocarditis had aortic cusp perforations. Failure to detect the presence of aortic regurgitation before radical repair in six patients contributed to operative problems and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Aortic valve surgery was performed in 13 patients. Aortic regurgitation is an acquired complication that should be specifically excluded by routine retrograde ascending aortography in all adolescents or adults with tetrad of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Earlier radical repair in the first decade of life may prevent the complication.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Pulmonary Valve/abnormalities , Tetralogy of Fallot/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Child , Collateral Circulation , Echocardiography , Female , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/complications , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery
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